New statistics for cancer in Europe show an overall downward trend for cancer deaths, and estimates show that there has been a fall in overall cancer deaths for both men and women from 2011 to 2007.
The downward trend is driven mainly by decreases in breast cancer mortality in women and in lung and colorectal cancer mortality in men.
These 3 cancers are "the top causes of cancer deaths, and these are showing major changes," said Carlo La Vecchia, MD, from the Department of Epidemiology at the Mario Negri Institute and faculty of medicine at the University of Milan, Italy.
Dr. La Vecchia and colleagues used a new mathematical model to predict cancer mortality. Their new estimates were published online February 8 in the Annals of Oncology.
The new model predicts that the total number of cancer deaths in the European Union will reach 1,281,436 in 2011, which works out to a standardized rate of 143 per 100,000 men and 85 per 100,000 women.
This compares with 1,256,001 cancer deaths in 2007, with standardized rates of 153.8 per 100,000 men and 90.7 per 100,000 women, corresponding to a 7% fall in men and a 6% fall in women, the researchers note.
In addition to the 3 cancers highlighted by Dr. La Vecchia, the model predicts declines in mortality for stomach, uterine, and prostate cancers, and for leukemia.
In fact, a downward trend in mortality rates was seen in all cancer types that were examined, with the exception of pancreatic cancer (which is stable in men and shows a slight increase in women) and lung cancer (which is increasing in women).
The rising rates of lung cancer in women are of particular concern, the researchers note. The number of women dying from lung cancer is increasing steadily across all of Europe — with the exception of the United Kingdom, which had the highest rates in women for a decade but is now seeing a leveling off.
"Despite these favorable trends in cancer death rates in Europe, the number of cancer deaths remains approximately stable, due to the ageing of the population," Dr. La Vecchia commented in a statement.
"Further, there is a persisting gap in cancer mortality between central and eastern European countries and western Europe; this is likely to persist for the foreseeable future," he said.
The new model predicts that Germany will see the greatest drop in overall cancer.
In contrast, the highest total cancer mortality rates in both sexes are seen in Poland, where there has been no improvement in recent years, which is "particularly worrying," the researchers note.
France is also singled out for concern; the predicted decline in cancer deaths there is modest because of the recent unfavorable trends in lung cancer among French (and Spanish) women.
Ongoing Downward Trend
The decline in cancer deaths from 2007 to 2011 outlined in this report is a continuation of the downward trend that has occurred in Europe over the past few decades.
"A substantial decline in total cancer mortality rates has been observed since the late 1980s in men, and since even earlier in women in the European Union," the authors write. Between 1990–1994 and 2000–2004, the rates declined by 9% in men and by 8% in women, they note. These declines continued in 2007, and this latest model predicts that they will continue to do so up to 2011.
SHORT TELOMERES AND CANCER RISK
The first prospective population-based study to examine telomere length and subsequent cancer risk has confirmed animal data suggesting that short telomeres are associated with higher cancer risk and worse cancer survival. The study appears in the July 7 issue of JAMA.
"The key message that the aging of cells may contribute to cancer manifestation and dissemination has been postulated before, based on several lines of evidence. Our study provides the first large-scale support of this notion," senior author Stefan Kiechl, MD, from the Department of Neurology at Innsbruck Medical University in Austria, told Medscape Medical News.
The researchers suggest that this might be because some cells that have lost bits of telomere over many cell cycles reactivate telomerase in a bid to recover their lost youth, but wind up with uncontrolled cell division instead.
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that shorten a bit with each cell division, and thus constitute a sort of internal cell clock. Once telomeres shorten to nubs, their associated chromosomes become unstable, and the cell is headed for senescence and death. Experimental work in animals has suggested that short telomeres might also contribute to malignant cell transformation.
The research team, led by Peter Willeit, MD, from Innsbruck Medical University, report that short telomere length was associated with a 60% increased risk for subsequent cancer, independent of other risk factors, in 787 subjects in the Bruneck Study in Italy. All were cancer-free at baseline in 1995, when leukocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Subjects with the shortest telomeres had more than triple the incident cancer risk of those with the longest telomeres. Hazard ratio for incident cancer was 1.60 for every 1-standard-deviation (1-SD) decrease in telomere length. Compared with subjects in the group with the longest telomeres, incident cancer risk was 3.11 for those in the group with the shortest telomeres and 2.15 for those in the group with mid-length telomeres.
The researchers also found a doubling of cancer mortality with every 1-SD decrease in telomere length, that the association between telomere length and cancer risk applied to both males and females, and that short telomeres were particularly associated with cancer subtypes with high fatality rates.
Dr. Kiechl said that the study could have implications for clinical trial design. "However, a step to be taken is to prove whether telomere length at the time of cancer diagnosis is a predictor of cancer mortality as well; preliminary unpublished data form our group indicate that this is the case. In the current JAMA publication, we have measured telomere length well in advance of cancer onset," Dr. Kiechl said.
Dr. Kiechl expects telomere length to be useful in cancer screening. "We are confident that telomere length, in addition to other recent advances like microRNA profiling, may become components of future risk scores for cancer manifestation — at least for some types of cancer," he said. "I think that it may also become useful in the estimation of tumor prognosis, which again can influence the choice of therapy."
Dr. Kiechl also said that the researchers were surprised to find that individuals with the shortest telomeres at baseline showed an increase in telomere length over the 10-year follow-up. "This may eventually indicate that aged cells at risk of cell senescence are capable of reactivating telomerase to prolong telomeres," he said.
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
"The key message that the aging of cells may contribute to cancer manifestation and dissemination has been postulated before, based on several lines of evidence. Our study provides the first large-scale support of this notion," senior author Stefan Kiechl, MD, from the Department of Neurology at Innsbruck Medical University in Austria, told Medscape Medical News.
The researchers suggest that this might be because some cells that have lost bits of telomere over many cell cycles reactivate telomerase in a bid to recover their lost youth, but wind up with uncontrolled cell division instead.
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that shorten a bit with each cell division, and thus constitute a sort of internal cell clock. Once telomeres shorten to nubs, their associated chromosomes become unstable, and the cell is headed for senescence and death. Experimental work in animals has suggested that short telomeres might also contribute to malignant cell transformation.
The research team, led by Peter Willeit, MD, from Innsbruck Medical University, report that short telomere length was associated with a 60% increased risk for subsequent cancer, independent of other risk factors, in 787 subjects in the Bruneck Study in Italy. All were cancer-free at baseline in 1995, when leukocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Subjects with the shortest telomeres had more than triple the incident cancer risk of those with the longest telomeres. Hazard ratio for incident cancer was 1.60 for every 1-standard-deviation (1-SD) decrease in telomere length. Compared with subjects in the group with the longest telomeres, incident cancer risk was 3.11 for those in the group with the shortest telomeres and 2.15 for those in the group with mid-length telomeres.
The researchers also found a doubling of cancer mortality with every 1-SD decrease in telomere length, that the association between telomere length and cancer risk applied to both males and females, and that short telomeres were particularly associated with cancer subtypes with high fatality rates.
Dr. Kiechl said that the study could have implications for clinical trial design. "However, a step to be taken is to prove whether telomere length at the time of cancer diagnosis is a predictor of cancer mortality as well; preliminary unpublished data form our group indicate that this is the case. In the current JAMA publication, we have measured telomere length well in advance of cancer onset," Dr. Kiechl said.
Dr. Kiechl expects telomere length to be useful in cancer screening. "We are confident that telomere length, in addition to other recent advances like microRNA profiling, may become components of future risk scores for cancer manifestation — at least for some types of cancer," he said. "I think that it may also become useful in the estimation of tumor prognosis, which again can influence the choice of therapy."
Dr. Kiechl also said that the researchers were surprised to find that individuals with the shortest telomeres at baseline showed an increase in telomere length over the 10-year follow-up. "This may eventually indicate that aged cells at risk of cell senescence are capable of reactivating telomerase to prolong telomeres," he said.
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
ANTI-MET TREATMENT FOR BONE METASTASES FROM PROSTATE CANCER
Dramatic resolution of bone metastases occurred in 85% of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with a wide-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, according to preliminary study data.
The data, from the open label Lead-in Stage of an ongoing adaptive design phase II randomized discontinuation trial, showed that only one of 62 patients had less than stable disease in bone and soft tissue as best response to cabozantinib (XL184), said David C. Smith, MD, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and colleagues.
Bone pain and use of narcotic drugs declined, as did markers of bone turnover, investigators in the multicenter trial reported during a poster presentation at the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium here.
And, at 12 weeks of follow-up, three-fourths of the study patients had disease control, Smith and colleagues added.
As a result of the observed activity, the randomized-discontinuation phase of the trial was stopped, and data were unblinded.
Among patients randomized to placebo or to continue treatment with cabozantinib, discontinuation of active therapy was associated with rapid disease progression, Smith and colleagues reported.
Despite their preliminary nature, the team's findings created a stir at the GU cancers meeting.
"The bone scan changes are unprecedented," remarked Oliver Sartor, MD, of Tulane University in New Orleans, who was not involved in the study.
"The scans show that something quite remarkable is going on. This honestly appears to be a whole new mechanism of action," he said.
Added Celestia Higano, MD, of the University of Washington in Seattle, "I have never seen those kind of [bone] changes with any agent."
According to other investigators at the symposium, the bone effects of cabozantinib are not limited to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Benefits have also been observed in breast cancer, melanoma, thyroid cancer, and renal cell cancer.
Bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer are associated with increased expression of MET, which has a key role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Studies have shown that osteoblasts and osteoclasts express MET and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors.
Moreover, VEGF type 2 receptor (R2) acts synergistically with MET to stimulate angiogenesis.
Cabozantinib inhibits both MET and VEGFR2, which might block progression of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions, Smith and colleagues noted.
Preclinical studies demonstrated that cabozantinib inhibits progression of prostate cancer xenografts in bone.
Smith's group reported findings from a trial to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with cabozantinib, followed by randomized discontinuation, conducted among men with bone and visceral metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer.
CT/MRI bone scans were performed at baseline and then every six weeks.
The primary endpoint was objective response at 12 weeks. Of 168 patients enrolled to date, 100 had completed 12 weeks of follow-up. Additionally, investigators examined data for 62 patients with known bone metastases and at least one bone scan after baseline.
Of the 100 evaluable patients, about half had progressed on docetaxel. Additionally, about half had visceral disease, 88% had lymph node involvement, 78% had bone metastases, 50% had significant bone pain, and 37% required narcotics for bone pain.
The investigators reported that 26 of the 100 patients dropped out before completing 12 weeks of treatment, primarily because of disease progression (10 patients) and adverse events (nine).
Smith reported that 53 of 62 (85%) patients evaluable by bone scan had complete or partial resolution of bone lesions, and eight others had stable disease. Of 43 evaluable patients with bone metastases and bone pain, 26 (60%) had improvement in pain as early as six weeks after starting cabozantinib.
Among 33 evaluation patients who required narcotics for bone pain, 21 (64%) had improvement in pain at six or 12 weeks, and 13 (46%) decreased the dosage or discontinued narcotics.
Adverse events were common, but severe events were not. The most common adverse events were fatigue (71% of patients), decreased appetite (52%), diarrhea (46%), nausea (40%), constipation (34%), dysphonia (33%), vomiting (29%), hypertension (25%), and dysgeusia (24%).
The most common grade 3+ adverse events were fatigue (15%) and hypertension (8%). Additionally, 5% of patients had severe hand-foot syndrome (19% all grades).
The substantial activity against bone metastases did not translate into similar activity against the primary tumor. Smith reported that only six of 100 patients had objective responses. However, 82 had stable disease. At 12 weeks, 74 of 100 had disease control.
Additionally, a minority of patients had a PSA response to cabozantinib.
The researchers also reported that markers of bone turnover decreased by as much as 80% at 12 weeks.
According to investigators, a nonrandomized expansion-cohort study of cabozantinib in castration-resistant prostate cancer has begun patient accrual.
The data, from the open label Lead-in Stage of an ongoing adaptive design phase II randomized discontinuation trial, showed that only one of 62 patients had less than stable disease in bone and soft tissue as best response to cabozantinib (XL184), said David C. Smith, MD, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and colleagues.
Bone pain and use of narcotic drugs declined, as did markers of bone turnover, investigators in the multicenter trial reported during a poster presentation at the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium here.
And, at 12 weeks of follow-up, three-fourths of the study patients had disease control, Smith and colleagues added.
As a result of the observed activity, the randomized-discontinuation phase of the trial was stopped, and data were unblinded.
Among patients randomized to placebo or to continue treatment with cabozantinib, discontinuation of active therapy was associated with rapid disease progression, Smith and colleagues reported.
Despite their preliminary nature, the team's findings created a stir at the GU cancers meeting.
"The bone scan changes are unprecedented," remarked Oliver Sartor, MD, of Tulane University in New Orleans, who was not involved in the study.
"The scans show that something quite remarkable is going on. This honestly appears to be a whole new mechanism of action," he said.
Added Celestia Higano, MD, of the University of Washington in Seattle, "I have never seen those kind of [bone] changes with any agent."
According to other investigators at the symposium, the bone effects of cabozantinib are not limited to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Benefits have also been observed in breast cancer, melanoma, thyroid cancer, and renal cell cancer.
Bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer are associated with increased expression of MET, which has a key role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Studies have shown that osteoblasts and osteoclasts express MET and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors.
Moreover, VEGF type 2 receptor (R2) acts synergistically with MET to stimulate angiogenesis.
Cabozantinib inhibits both MET and VEGFR2, which might block progression of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions, Smith and colleagues noted.
Preclinical studies demonstrated that cabozantinib inhibits progression of prostate cancer xenografts in bone.
Smith's group reported findings from a trial to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with cabozantinib, followed by randomized discontinuation, conducted among men with bone and visceral metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer.
CT/MRI bone scans were performed at baseline and then every six weeks.
The primary endpoint was objective response at 12 weeks. Of 168 patients enrolled to date, 100 had completed 12 weeks of follow-up. Additionally, investigators examined data for 62 patients with known bone metastases and at least one bone scan after baseline.
Of the 100 evaluable patients, about half had progressed on docetaxel. Additionally, about half had visceral disease, 88% had lymph node involvement, 78% had bone metastases, 50% had significant bone pain, and 37% required narcotics for bone pain.
The investigators reported that 26 of the 100 patients dropped out before completing 12 weeks of treatment, primarily because of disease progression (10 patients) and adverse events (nine).
Smith reported that 53 of 62 (85%) patients evaluable by bone scan had complete or partial resolution of bone lesions, and eight others had stable disease. Of 43 evaluable patients with bone metastases and bone pain, 26 (60%) had improvement in pain as early as six weeks after starting cabozantinib.
Among 33 evaluation patients who required narcotics for bone pain, 21 (64%) had improvement in pain at six or 12 weeks, and 13 (46%) decreased the dosage or discontinued narcotics.
Adverse events were common, but severe events were not. The most common adverse events were fatigue (71% of patients), decreased appetite (52%), diarrhea (46%), nausea (40%), constipation (34%), dysphonia (33%), vomiting (29%), hypertension (25%), and dysgeusia (24%).
The most common grade 3+ adverse events were fatigue (15%) and hypertension (8%). Additionally, 5% of patients had severe hand-foot syndrome (19% all grades).
The substantial activity against bone metastases did not translate into similar activity against the primary tumor. Smith reported that only six of 100 patients had objective responses. However, 82 had stable disease. At 12 weeks, 74 of 100 had disease control.
Additionally, a minority of patients had a PSA response to cabozantinib.
The researchers also reported that markers of bone turnover decreased by as much as 80% at 12 weeks.
According to investigators, a nonrandomized expansion-cohort study of cabozantinib in castration-resistant prostate cancer has begun patient accrual.
Health notes
Doctor gives tips on falling asleep
"Coping with Insomnia" will be the next topic in the Waveny Care Center and Norwalk Hospital lecture series at 4 p.m. Tuesday, March 1. The featured speaker is Ian Weir, associate director of the Sleep Disorders Center and director of the Insomnia Center at Norwalk Hospital.
The talk is at Waveny Care Center, 3 Farm Road, New Canaan. Weir will talk about symptoms of the disorder and offer tips on how people can become more successful at falling asleep. Weir has written about pulmonary medicine topics and sleep disorders, with his work appearing in medical journals. Call 203-594-5334.
MS walks planned to raise awareness
On April 10, there will be nine sites across the state at which people will gather to raise awareness about multiple sclerosis and raise funds for research. Westport will host a walk on Sunday, April 3. The insurance company Travelers is back for the fifth year as the title sponsor for the walks, which are run by the Connecticut Chapter of the National MS Society. Last year, the walk attracted nearly 9,000 participants and raised more than $1.3 million. The chapter hopes to raise $1.4 million.
Walks will take place in Stamford at Cove Island Park, in Westport at Sherwood Island State Park, and at West Haven High School. Check-in begins at 8 and the walk kicks off at 9 a.m. at Stamford and West Haven. Check-in in Westport begins at 9. and the walk begins at 10 a.m. To learn more or to register, visit www.ctfightsMS.org or call 860-913-2550 or 860-913-2550.
Panel on heart disorder, club on respiratory disease
A panel of Bridgeport Hospital physicians will discuss the causes and treatment of atrial fibrillation during a free lecture, "Heart All A-Flutter? Get Your Rhythm Back!" at 7 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 24, at the Trumbull Marriott, 180 Hawley Lane. Doors open at 6:30 p.m. Speakers include cardiac electrophysiologist Dr. Murali Chiravuri, director of cardiac electrophysiology Dr. Craig McPherson, and chief of cardiothoracic surgery Dr. M. Clive Robinson.
At 1:30 p.m. Feb. 25, the Better Breathing Club will meet at Bridgeport Hospital, duPont Board Room, 267 Grant St. The support group for those with chronic respiratory disease. For more information, call 888-357-2396.
Dental Health 101: Ten Tips for Parents of Kids with Smiles
February is National Children’s Dental Health Month - a time for parents to focus on healthful habits and practices to ensure that their children enjoy a lifetime of beautiful smiles and healthy well-being.
“Tooth decay is one of the most common childhood diseases, and can cause problems that continue into later life,” says veteran San Antonio cosmetic dentist Dr. Edward Camacho, DDS. “The dental health of a child should be a top priority for parents, starting even before a baby is born.”
Dr. Camacho offers these ten tips for parents:
1) Get the true picture – Everyone understands that you should take care of your teeth to avoid toothaches, maintain your looks and keep dental bills at bay. Many people, however, don’t understand how crucial oral health is to our total health picture. Tooth problems can lead to diabetes, heart disease, systemic infections, an inability to eat or speak properly and other maladies – some life-threatening. Crooked or crowded teeth can contribute to gum disease that can eventually lead to tooth loss. Straight teeth are no longer just for looks.
2) Dental health starts in the womb – By the second trimester of pregnancy, a baby’s teeth are forming. To make sure development is normal, mom should consume generous amounts of foods containing calcium, including dairy, products, whole grains and leafy greens.
3) Avoid baby bottle tooth decay – Don’t use the nursing bottle as a pacifier, or let the baby fall asleep with a bottle containing any form of carbohydrates. Even human breast milk can lead to tooth decay if it remains in a baby’s unrinsed mouth. A better option is to give the child a bottle of water. Never dip a pacifier in sugar, honey or anything sweet. Mothers can also transmit the bacteria that cause tooth decay to their infants through kissing, sharing cups or utensils. It is recommended that new mothers chew gum, consume mints or candy with xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar. Xylitol reduces the amount of a specific type of bacteria (strep mutans) that causes tooth decay. Spry makes xylitol sweetened gum, mint and candy.
4) Protect the baby teeth - Although they’re only with the child for a few years, baby teeth serve an important role in the development of the mouth, serving as space-savers and guides for permanent teeth. Loss of baby teeth can lead to crowded or crooked permanent teeth. Baby teeth are also important to the normal appearance of the face, proper nutrition and speech. And, of course, cavities and infection can affect the child’s overall health.
5) Tooth brushing – Even before a child’s teeth begin coming in, you should develop the habit of cleaning your baby’s gums after feeding, using a damp cloth or gauze. When the first tooth arrives, usually between the ages of 6 and 10 months, you should switch to a small soft-bristle brush. Take care to brush behind the teeth and around the gum line, using just water without toothpaste. From ages 2 to 6, add a small amount of toothpaste – no more than the size of a pea (Spry makes an infant tooth gel with xylitol which reduces bacteria that cause decay). Until about age 7, parents should handle the tooth-brushing, or at least personally supervise. Make sure the kids learn proper brushing techniques, using a circular stroke to reach all surfaces.
6) Flossing – As soon as your child has two teeth touching, you should begin flossing between the teeth. It’s as necessary as flossing for adults, and introducing the practice early will teach the child the proper habits of tooth care.
7) Tooth-friendly diet -- Parents should train their children early toward a healthy diet that has limited candy, soft drinks and other sweets that can fuel the development of cavities. Cheese is an especially healthy snack, because it adds calcium, stimulates saliva production and counteracts chemicals that can eat away at tooth enamel.
8) Prevent decay with xylitol-New research suggests that products containing xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar, can prevent tooth decay and even Otis Media (ear infections). Oral bacteria do not use Xylitol therefore no acid is produced to eat away at enamel. Xylitol also reduces the quantity of caries causing bacteria creating additional protection between meals as well as inhibiting the bacteria from sticking to the teeth. Look for products that only use xylitol as the sweetener. (Young children should avoid non-liquid products such as gum, mints or lozenges until they can effectively chew or suck long enough to gain a benefit without swallowing or choking.)
9) Visit the dentist regularly – Parents should take their children to the dentist by their first birthday, and then continue twice a year. This is also a strategy session to work out a plan for lasting dental health. Ask about dental sealants that can protect teeth against decay. Make the trips fun, so that the kids learn that the dental office isn’t a place to be afraid of.
10) Don’t let small problems become big ones – A toothache is a sign that a cavity has reached an advanced stage. It might also indicate a more serious problem, such as a cracked tooth, an infection, jaw problems, etc. Parents should inspect their kids’ teeth regularly, paying attention to anything unusual, and encourage children to be aware of the first twinge of pain or any changes in their mouths.
“Poor dental health can affect everything from overall physical wellbeing to appearance, self-confidence and emotional health,” Dr. Camacho said. “It’s critical that parents understand the importance of the life skill they are passing along to their children.”
Red wine and dark chocolate show real love on Valentine’s Day
Susan Ofria, clinical nutrition manager at Gottlieb Memorial Hospital suggests showing real Valentine’s Day love with red wine and chocolate that both contribute to a heart health. She also has some other heart healthy eating tips to share, in a February 10 news release from Loyola University.
The beauty of indulging in dark chocolate and red wine explains Ofria, is you don’t even have to make a choice between the lesser of two evils, given the known health benefits of higher levels of cocoa found in dark chocolate and resveratrol in red wine that is shown to lower blood sugar levels and boost good cholesterol numbers.
Ofria suggests looking for chocolate with cocoa content that is 70 percent or higher this Valentine’s Day. “Truffles, soufflés and even hot chocolate can be a good source of resveratrol and cocoa phenols (flavonoids) as long as dark chocolate with a high content of coca is used.”
You may want to sprinkle chocolate on berries, also good sources of heart healthy nutrients in keeping with February’s national heart health theme. Ofria explains, “Berries are a good source of beta carotene and lutein, anthocyanin, ellagic acid (a polyphenol), vitamin C, folate, potassium and fiber.”
Valentine’s Day brings a special focus to the heart. Other tips for heart healthy eating include oatmeal for breakfast that is high in soluble fiber, potassium, niacin (a B vitamin) and folate.
Snacking on almonds and walnuts provides omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, niacin, vitamin E that are a good source of magnesium needed for heart and overall good health. Preparing or ordering meals that incorporate kidney beans, brown or golden flaxseeds, salmon and tuna are other heart healthy ways to show love on Valentine’s Day.
Loyola Medicine: "Go for the Dark Chocolate, Red Wine to Keep Your Honey Heart-Healthy This Valentine's Day"
Eat more fruit, veggies and whole grains, feds say
If I were a betting woman, I'd bet you didn't know the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) releases dietary guidelines every five years. These evidence-based guidelines are the cornerstone of our federal nutrition policy, and are also intended to help Americans make informed food choices, promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases and the prevalence of overweight.
The 2010 guidelines have just been released, and the focus is clearly on confronting America's obesity epidemic. The timing is certainly right. Frighteningly, more than one-third of all American kids are overweight or obese. As if that weren't bad enough, more than two-thirds of American adults join them.
The new guidelines place a stronger emphasis than ever before on reducing calorie consumption and increasing activity. Good-bye "Supersize me," hello waistline.
It is the government's hope (and mine, too) that by adopting the recommendations, Americans will live healthier lives and health care costs will diminish, boosting America's productivity and overall economic competitiveness.
The topics I focus on all play a significant part in the 2010 guidelines. That doesn't surprise you, does it? We're talking about vegetables, fruits, whole grain, fat-free and low-fat dairy products and seafood. The suggestions match my own: reduce sodium, saturated and trans fats, sugars and refined grains.
Remember how I always say to avoid products made from oh-so-misleading "enriched" wheat ... and that you should choose "whole grain" foods over "whole wheat?" Well, kudos to the government ... they got all this right.
The new guidelines include 23 general key recommendations for the population as a whole, and six more for special groups such as pregnant women.
In addition, the USDA is releasing some additional health tips in the coming months. No big surprises coming there: Enjoy your food, but eat less. Make half your plate fruit and vegetables. Choose fat-free or low-fat milk. Drink water instead of sugary drinks.
It's not all generic advice, however. There are some very specific suggestions as well, such as reducing sodium intake to 1500 mg or less, per day, if you're over 51. But most of the tips are things I've been telling my clients for years.
It pleases me no end that our government is finally addressing obesity in this report. There are certainly plenty of "quick fixes" and "miracle machines" that get exposure.
Losing weight is not just about eating less, it's about eating correctly. If I've piqued your interest enough to look up the 2010 guidelines, here's a little more of what you'll find:
- Eat dark green, red and orange vegetables.
- Use oils to replace solid fats.
- Eat nutrient-dense foods.
- Choose foods that have more potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D.
- Switch up your proteins and be sure to eat fish and white meats.
The guidelines are available online at dietaryguidelines.gov. True food for thought. And if we can keep our kids from incurring the many risks of childhood obesity (including social stigma) then what a worthy pursuit. Setting a good example can work wonders.
Health Tips: Best Way to Shovel Snow
Dr. Dizon recommends for residents to know their limits when shoveling snow.
"It is physically demanding work," he said. "We don’t normally get this much snow at once."
For those who are young and healthy, they need to be mindful of muscle or joint injuries when shoveling. They should also be careful to not fall while shoveling.
Senior citizens, or those who are sedentary, are at risk of a heart attack because "they don't realize how strenuous shoveling snow can be."
Even if residents have a snow-blower, it still can be a strenuous activity that could be hazardous to residents who are not physically active.
"If you are not physically active, I would try to avoid shoveling snow and get someone else," Dizon said.
Use Proper Techniques
When shoveling, residents should dress warmly and wear proper gloves, footwear and headwear to avoid frostbite.
"At times you are working hard, you don't realize you are having problems," he said. "You are warm, but your extremities are feeling the effects of frostbite."
Dizon recommends snow shovelers to bend their knees and avoid twisting or lifting snow. Snow should be pushed if possible.
"It is better to take a little at a time than to take one huge chunk at once," he said. "You think you are saving time and you could injure your back."
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